Hot Air Balloons

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      How Does A Hot Air Balloon Lift Off the Ground?

By Yesfha Ahmad

     In order for a hot air balloon to lift off the ground it has to use Newton’s second Law of Motion; an object accelerates when a force acts in an object with mass, the greater the mass of the object being accelerated, the greater force needed to accelerate the object. Therefore, in order for the hot air balloon to accelerate off the ground the net force must be point upward; Fup − Fg = ma 
Fup: is buoyant force which is directed upward, and Fg, is 
gravitational force which points downward.

  Hot air balloons must create buoyancy, which will generate lift. The structure of a hot air balloon has a
large bag on top, an envelope, and a wicker basket or gondola on the bottom for cargo. A hot air balloon
needs a burner (with several megawatts of power) to heat the air. The heated air will generate lift on 
 way of a buoyant force to lift up off the ground. The hot air that will he inside the envelope is less 
dense than the cold air surrounding it. The difference in density will cause a buoyant force allowing the hot air balloon to lift off the ground. This principle of lift is called the Archimedes' principle, which explains that if any object is suspended upon by a fluid (regardless it’s shape) will be acted upon by a buoyant force with the equal amount of weight of the fluid displaced by the object. 
In a hot air balloon the center of buoyancy, will act through the centroid of the volume of the object, which makes this volume, like the upward buoyant force, equal to the displaced volume of the fluid. The upward buoyant force acting on a hot air balloon is equal to the mass of the cooler air being displaced by the It air balloon.  Because the air inside the envelope is heated, it become less  than the surrounding air. This means it’s causes the buoyant force, because of the cooler surrounding air to have a greater weight than the heated air inside the envelope. Also, in order for lift to be generated that buoyant force has to exceed the weight of the heated air added to the eight of the envelope, gondola, and passenger or equipment. Afterwards, the hot air balloon will be able to sufficiently lift off the ground. 

 Right now, with technology we can sufficiently fly planes and launch rockets without many problems of gravitational forces and having to deal with buoyant forces much, but I think that somewhere in the mere future it may become much easier for us find more solutions to the problems laws of physics create. In the future more advancements to technological may allow it to become much easier to go against the laws of physics itself. It may take a while though, in order to be able to bend the laws of physics more than they should be. 
https://www.real-world-physics-problems.com/hot-air-balloon-physics.html 
https://www.ck12.org/physics/connecting-newtons-first-and-second-laws/rwa/Hot-Air-Balloons/ 
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