Who is Sir Isaac Newton and what are the three laws of motion?

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Who is Sir Isaac Newton and what are the three laws of motion?
By Maisy Chase

Isaac Newton is one of the first to discover gravity. He was a physicist and mathematician in the 17th century. He had discovered the composition of white light and created a base for physical optics. He created three basic principle for motion. These are called the three laws of motion. Isaac Newton was sitting under an apple tree one day, then an apple fell on his head. This incident caused him to think about why the apple fell down, and not up. He created them created the three laws. The first law states “Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it.” This means if a book was flying in the air at a constant speed, it will remain in the air unless it is pushed down by an outside force. This law is also called inertia. Isaac’s second law states “Force is equal to the change in momentum (mV) per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration (f=m*a)” This law explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. Isaacs last law states “For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.” In other words, if object A exerts a force on object B, object B will exert a force back to object A. This law can be used to explain the lift and thrust of a jet engine.


Gravity is mainly the reason why something won’t stay flying in the air. When you throw a book, it will eventually fall because gravity pulls it down to earth. The is the external force that is in Newton’s first law. Now if the book was sliding on a table, friction and gravity will make it stop. Friction is the resistance to motion of one object moving relative to another, like the book moving on the table. It is not a fundamental force, like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, scientists believe it is the result of the electromagnetic attraction between charged particles in two touching surfaces.


As of today, we have traveled to the moon. This was very hard considering that the rocket had to have enough force to oppose gravity. The rocket won’t need as much force to launch of off the moon because the moon has less gravity. Once the rocket landed on the moon, the astronaut's weighed less. Now how is that possible? Weight is the measure of how much force is needed to keep your body on the ground. Weight is calculated by your mass times the gravitational pull. Mass is your bodies density and volume. You mass is the same on every planet, but the gravitational pull is different. The moon has a less gravitational force, so astronauts can float while in the moon's atmosphere. The earth's gravitational force is 9.807 while the moons gravitational pull is 1.62.


Now in the future, scientists are hoping to visit other planets. Now we can oppose earth's gravitational pull, but we can’t oppose other planets gravity. Jupiter has almost three times the gravitational pull as earth. This will cause a  major force needed to oppose the gravity if a rocket or satellite were to ever go in Jupiter’s atmosphere. Scientists will need to create a major force if we were to ever visit a planet with a greater gravitational force.

Maisy Chase
Force & Motion blog
12/16/18

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