Dark matter and its affect on understanding galaxies.

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How dark matter affects pictures taken by astronomers.

When astronomers take pictures of other galaxies they sometimes experience optical illusions created by dark matter. As light from other galaxies travel towards Earth, the gravitational pull of matter in its path, which includes dark matter, starts to bend the light. Because of that, the images taken by telescopes might be slightly distorted or have strange arcs or rings of light from the distortion; which is a phenomenon called weak gravitation lensing.

Visible universes that include, the Earth, sun, galaxies, and other stars are made out of neutrons, electrons, and protons, compressed together into atoms. This visible matter that we can see, baryonic matter or ordinary matter surprisingly only makes up 5% of the entire mass of the universe. The rest of the universe is made up of a invisible substance, which scientists have called dark matter, (25%) and a force that will repeal gravity named dark energy (70%). Some scientists think that dark matter is created by exotic particles that don’t interact with normal matter, but instead exert a gravitational pull.

The Hyper Suprime-Cam survey (HSC) is a giantaic digital still camera which helps researchers make better and sharper maps of dark matter distribution and see fainter galaxies you can’t see with other telescopes. The HSC gives the researchers better pictures of how much dark energy there is and some information on its properties of how much dark energy there is, and how dark matter is making the expansion of the universe accerlate a high rate. Dark energy doesn’t react with baryonic matter and is completely invisible to light. Dark energy is actually what scientists think is causing the universe to accerlate so fast. Right now scientists have little to no plausible explanation for what it is and is known as a fifth type of energy, and was previously known as an unknown fundamental force called quintessence.

 I think the topic of dark matter and dark energy is really interesting because I didn’t know about it all before or that something like that existed, it probably wouldn’t ever crossed my mind. The concept of dark energy and matter is weird because I didn’t know that there was a type of matter that we can’t see, and if we can’t see it than how would scientists be able to collect data or conduct research on it. It was cool knowing that the visible matter we see with out eyes only makes up 5% of the universe and there is a ton of visible matter out there. What caught my attention was dark energy because scientists don’t really know what it is and it’s currently expanding our universes a increasingly fast rate. 
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/dark-matter/
https://www.naoj.org/Projects/HSC/
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180926082711.htm

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