Dark Matter on the Move

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        Dark matter, a mysterious invisible substance that makes up a large percentage of the universe, has stumped scientists for years. Until this point, the only observable sign of dark matter was shown in its effect on gravity. However, scientists have now discovered another property of dark matter- dark matter heating.


Pie chart of universe showing 68.3% dark energy, 26.8% dark matter, and 4.9% ordinary matter.
A pie chart portraying all of the mass in the universe.


               Though dark matter heating is a very new discovery, scientists have figured out its cause. When stars form, strong winds push gas and dust away from the middle of the galaxy. Because of this, the galaxy's center has much less mass, which affects how much gravity is felt by the dark matter in the area. With less gravitational attraction, the dark matter gains energy and moves away from that area. 


             This "heating" is not actual heating, but it results in movement from the dark matter that is similar to matter being heated. Dark matter heating almost always occurs in dwarf galaxies, due to an increase in the winds that cause them. The event has been recorded in over 150 dwarf galaxies so far, and scientists predict that this event is much more common than they previously realized.



Image result for dark matter heating
A depiction of dark matter heating.



             The discovery of dark matter heating is very influential in the quest for us to discover everything about space. It will help scientists track down areas with more dark matter so they can observe and learn about it. Also, with the effect that dark matter plays on gravity, knowing more about it could help if we ever travel to other planets.



https://earthsky.org/space/dark-matter-on-the-move
https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/dark-matter-heating/



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