The Fifth State of Matter

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The Fifth State of Matter 
By: Lauren Kelley 
When you are asked how many states of matter there are, almost everyone will respond with four; solid, liquid, gas and plasma. However, in 1924, Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose predicted the "Bose-Einstein condensate" (BEC), which is nicknamed the fifth state of matter.  The Bose-Einstein condensate was not created in a laboratory until 1990 and is therefore not widely known nor studied.  
BEC is created when bosonic atoms are cooled almost to absolute zero and they condense into the lowest accessible quantum state. The idea for creating this new matter, was proposed by Einstein when he was reading one of Bose’s papers on photons sharing a quantum state and guessed that atoms may be able to do the same thing. When he finished writing equations and thinking how this new idea may work, even Einstein thought “it was so outlandish he was not sure it” would even work.  
Bose-Einstein Condensate is not used for many things, except for emulating exotic magnetic monopole. Monopoles are when a magnetic force is an individual instead of having a north and south pole like standard magnets. However, no one has been able to see a magnetic monopole in particle form, but people will continue searching and experimenting. Throughout my research, this was the main and only way to use the fifth state of matter, and that brings me to my next point. 
In the future, we should find more ways to take advantage of this crazy yet fascinating condensate. Also, we should further explore creating monopoles in particle form because it could lead to technological revolutions that could help us. Since it was only predicted in 1924, people have not seen BEC’s full potential, which is what we should work on in the upcoming decades.  






Works Cited: 
https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/the-fifth-state-of-matter-bose-einstein-condensate-248496-2015-04-14  
https://www.livescience.com/54667-bose-einstein-condensate.html  
http://wiki.chemprime.chemeddl.org/articles/e/v/a/File~Evap2.gif_34f3.html  

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