The Power Of Electrons

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  Millikan’s oil-drop experiment had a huge impact on the understanding of electrons. This experiment measured the charge of electrons. Physicist Robert A. Millikan performed the first trial of the oil-drop test in 1909. With the charged oil electrons he was able to determine the force and magnitude of the electric field, to then figure out the magnitude of the charge.  
  During this experiment, a closed, transparent container with two metal plates in it is needed. The plates used have either a positive or negative charge when the electric currents are put on them. The experiment is performed by spraying water with oil. The oil used has a low vapor pressure point. Substances with a low vapor pressure point evaporate at a much slower pace than ones with a higher vapor pressure point. The oil droplets were charged while being sprayed out of the nozzle due to friction. The oil could also be charged when exposed to ionizing radiation.  
Due to gravity, some of the charged electrons pass through the perforations in the first piece of metal. The space in between the metal is then charged causing the electrons that passed through the metal to become negatively charged. How fast the droplet falls after this point can be changed by the voltage applied to the space between the metal. The amount of voltage needed is related to the mass of the drop. The mass can be determined by how fast the drop of oil falls. This experiment proved that electric charge occurs in natural units. 
Electrons are in us and everything we use. Over several centuries, humans have learned
to utilize their knowledge of electrons in many ways, including electric car batteries. After Millikan did this experiment we had a better understanding of electrons and electric waves. In the future electric cars will most likely become more prominent due to the fact that they have a smaller carbon footprint than gasoline-powered cars. While electric cars were introduced in the 1930’s they are anything but perfect. While we are still doing research to better understand how electrons work in order to make electric cars as efficient as possible, we are much farther along than we would have been if Millikan hadn’t made these discoveries in 1909. 


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https://www.britannica.com/science/Millikan-oil-drop-experiment

https://www.thoughtco.com/millikan-oil-drop-experiment-606460

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