Naked-eye detection of solvent vapor

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Alice Bazyar
February 5th, 2019
Naked-eye detection of solvent vapor
Recently, the research team of the University of Tsukuba has developed a fluorescent sensor for solvent vapor. The sensor is based on a molecule by the name of dendrimer. Under some conditions, the molecule is assembled by itself into fibers that are formed a crystalline wall/framework that contains numerous pores; which support the solvent to turn from it’s solid like to gas. "Slow diffusion of methanol or acetonitrile into chloroform solutions of the dendrimer yielded crystalline microfibers with high porosity," states Sae Nakajima. "Under other conditions, we obtained amorphous microspheres of the dendrimer that lack pores."
The research team investigated and examined the crystal structure of the dendrimer molecule by diffraction abilities; they found that the pore volume of the microfiber’s structure was over 70% of the total volume. The high pore volume of the crystalline microfibers increases their gas capacity over the spheres formed under the other conditions. There are films of the dendrimer molecules reaction and behavior for the sensing-use insolvent. When the films were exposed to the solvent’s vapor, their emission intensity increased, its color changed (in two seconds), and reflected the solvent polarity; this means that with the power of only one film, it can show different types of solvents. This cycle is and can be reused over and over again, especially the solvent in specific.
"Dendrimers typically possess dense amorphous structures. The porous crystalline structure formed by our dendrimer under specific conditions increased its adsorption capacity and sensing ability, revealing the importance of crystalline structure in fluorescent sensing by dendrimers," explained Yohei Yamamoto. This fluorescent light demonstrates the visible sensing of the solvent vapor and the vapor can be realized using crystalline dendrimers. Other kinds of dendrimers also show discrimination in different types of gases and organic material, which attracts them for environmental sensing applications.
This kind of crystalline fiber is a great way for our future because it can give us even more clues about how solvent and solute work together to work out together. There are millions of studies right now going on between how exactly mixtures work and I believe that this dendrimer molecule will do a great and major effect on the findings of the vapor that leaves the solvent substance, and it can even help us find more clues about other kinds of gases we might have questions about.

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